The Common Elderberry Plant
(Sambucus canadensis)
Elderberry shrubs grow so vigorously that they are almost weedy. They are adapted to a wide range of soils, but grow fastest on a moist fertile soil. Although shade tolerant, the quantity of bloom and fruit is decreased in the shade. Two species of elderberries are native here in Florida.
AMERICAN ELDER - (Sambucus canadensis), 8 ft., is a coarse native shrub with white flowers in flat-topped clusters that bloom in late June. These are followed by small black berries in late summer, ripening over a long time. The fruits are used for pies and for making elderberry wine. They are also readily eaten by birds. American elder can be planted as a background shrub and used in wildlife plantings. The selection Aurea has golden leaves and bright red fruits.
EUROPEAN RED ELDER - (Sambucus racemosa), 8-10 ft., is a shrub grown in borders. It is tolerant of semi-shade. The foliage is dark green and the fruit is red. This shrub and selections from this species are susceptible to cane borers, which cause whole branches to wilt and turn brown. A plant with several infected branches is unsightly.
REDMAN ELDER - (Sambucus racemosa 'Redman'), 8 ft., is a cutleaf selection that forms a compact plant with red fruits.
SUTHERLAND GOLDEN ELDER - (Sambucus racemosa 'Sutherland Golden'), 12 ft., is the brightest yellow selection of elderberry species evaluated at the arboretum. It is a vigorous grower, but is susceptible to the cane borer.
SCARLET ELDER - (Sambucus pubens), 8 ft., is a native woodland shrub that is the first to come into leaf in the spring. It is often found at the edges of woods. It has pyramidal clusters of creamy white flowers that open in early May. These are followed in July by scarlet red inedible berries. This shrub is of questionable value in foundation or border plantings, but is good for naturalizing in shady areas.
